Stretch marks, or striae, are a type of scar formed in the elastic middle layer of the skin, the dermis. They appear as red or purplish streaks that eventually fade to a silvery white colour.  It is commonly believed that stretch marks result from rapidly gaining weight but they are partly the result of additional hormones from the adrenal glands circulating throughout the body.  The length and direction of the marks are determined by the strength and resiliency of the dermis.   Striae are a cosmetic problem common not only to pregnant women, but to bodybuilders, people who have lost or gained excess weight quickly, patients with Cushing's syndrome and children entering puberty.  In expectant mothers stretch marks usually appear on the growing abdomen, breasts, thighs, or buttocks.

Most mothers-to-be can expect to get stretch marks.  There are many factors that determine if you get them and if so how severe they are.  One is heredity; if your mother or sister had them there's a good chance you will, too.   If you had stretch marks during a previous pregnancy you will most likely get them with subsequent pregnancies.   African-American women tend to get them less than other ethnic groups.   Poor nutrition and poor skin tone also contribute to the problem.

Reduce your chance of developing stretch marks during your pregnancy by keeping your skin healthy with a diet that contains vital nutrients from a variety of foods low in saturated fats and cholesterol. Fruits and vegetables are full of antioxidant vitamins which contribute to healthy skin.  Drink plenty of water to keep your skin well hydrated and reduce your caffeine intake which can increase your risk of stretch marks.

Gain weight gradually keeping within the recommended 25 to 35 pound limit for pregnancy.  Gradual weight gain will allow the skin to stretch at a steady rate reducing potential damage to the dermis. 

Regular exercise will increase circulation to your skin and keep it toned.  Most pregnant women may continue any physical activity she is used to that does not present a danger to the safety of her baby or herself (sorry, no cliff diving), but consult with your health care provider before beginning a new exercise program. 

There are many creams and lotions that the manufacturers claim will eliminate stretch marks.  Some women seem to have success with them while others don't.  Products containing compounds that enhance collagen production may be of some value. Many women swear by daily applications of baby oil after a shower.  If you are genetically disposed to stretch marks you are going to get them and there probably isn't any product that will keep them from appearing! Lotions do have one benefit: they will help to relieve the itching that often accompanies stretch marks.  

Stretch marks will fade eventually after delivery.  Some women aren't bothered by their appearance, but some are self-conscious and want them removed.  On the beach if you don't care to show the world your "badge of motherhood" your best option might be to wear a one-piece suit instead of a bikini!    Covering the scars with cosmetic foundation is possible but often looks unnatural and may wash off in the water.  Over-the-counter tanning lotions may help.

Women who want their stretch marks removed after their deliveries have surgical options.  Dermabrasion, chemical peels and laser surgery are often successful, but age, skin tone, and diet determine the final results.  A surgical tummy tuck may remove stretch marks below the navel.  Check with a dermatologist to find out which may be the best option for you. 

By J. E. Davidson